Abstract:
The widespread introduction of renewable energy systems has changed the nature of the electrical power grid. Alfred University is exploring the use of biomass as a distributed energy resource (DER) for a microgrid. A successful microgrid design can pave the way to an energy independent rural America with more dependable electric power and, in the long run, lower energy costs. Focusing on Western New York State, this thesis will cover the difficulties rural biomass microgrids must overcome in an area where maintaining a sustainable flow of feedstock can be a problem. First is an overview of a 25-year biomass-fueled microgrid model designed using HOMER ProTM Analysis Software to simulate loads, DERs, energy storage, and calculated costs. An abundance of biomass as feedstock is necessary in reducing costs for the system as well as providing a more reliable fuel than solar or wind, both of which require a more robust energy storage system to compensate for power fluctuations. We also consider the increased biomass utilization via Combined Heat and Power (CHP). Microgrid integration is a necessary step in the dependability aspect of this project given its islanding capability and the various built-in protection schemes used to trigger it. This capability can serve as an additional layer of cybersecurity as islanding becomes a potential way of quarantining cyberattacks. We also examine the carbon neutrality question and possible greenhouse gas reduction that comes with biomass use as a DER. Other challenges biomass DER face for rural microgrids involve the sheer inertia of traditional fuels; capital cost; and fuel-like logistics, such as feedstock transportation and processing. This thesis will also address how New York State's "50 by 30" initiative may shape biomass energy usage for our area and make biomass a more attractive investment.
